Fish oil supplementation and physical exercise during the development period increase cardiac antioxidant capacity in Wistar rats

Abstract Aim: To investigate if treadmill exercise (Ex) associated with fish oil (FO) supplementation during lactation would influence the biochemical profile as well as the oxidative balance in the hearts of male juvenile rats. Methods: Fifteen days-old rats were submitted to a daily moderate Ex training (based on their maximal running capacity) and FO supplementation for 4 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session, blood fasting glucose and lipid profile were assessed according to the manufacturer's recommendations, while the oxidative status of the hearts was evaluated via colorimetric and absorbance-based assays. Results: FO associated with Ex decreased triglycerides (TG-79.27 ± 5.75 to 60.24 ± 6.25 mg/dL) and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (VLDL-15.85 ± 1.15 to 12.05 ± 1.25 mg/dL) when compared to sedentary animals. FO, alone, reduced atherogenic index (AI- 1.14 ± 0.03 vs. 1.01 ± 0.04 a.u) while increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-43.90 ± 2.50 vs. 59.43 ± 3.15 mg/dL) of sedentary animals. Additionally, both Ex (67.3 ± 13.5 nmol/mg prot) and FO supplementation (56.6 ± 5.5 nmol/mg prot) decreased the oxidative damage to lipids in non-trained animals (105.8 ± 10.8 nmol/mg prot). The interventions also protected the protein content from oxidative stress (Ex- 5.15 ± 0.46; FO- 4.5 ± 0.5; and vehicle sedentary-7.3 ± 0.6 µmol/mg prot), while increasing the antioxidant defense and oxidative metabolism. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that intervention in juvenile rats can improve cardiac metabolism. These are the first findings to show the positive effects of the association between FO and moderate treadmill Ex during the critical period of development. We believe these results can drive early-life origins of heart disease through different avenues and, possibly, assist the development of a heart disease prevention program as well as an adjunctive therapeutic resource.

Serum biochemistry profile of laying hens fed diets with fish waste oil / [Parâmetros bioquímicos sanguíneos de poedeiras leves alimentadas com rações contendo óleo do resíduo de pescado]

The present study aimed to evaluate increasing levels of fish waste oil in diets for laying hens on serum biochemistry profile. 192 Hisex White laying hens at 29 weeks of age were used, with water and food ad libitum. The experimental design was completely randomized consisting of eight treatments corresponding to the inclusion levels of fish waste oil (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5%) in the diets, with four replicates of six birds each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% of significance. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed in triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, and uric acid. These parameters presented a decrease when hens fed diets with higher level of fish waste oil. The results of the present study indicated that the inclusion of fish waste oil caused a significant effect in the serum biochemical profile of laying hens, especially in glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and uric acid concentrations. The inclusion level of 3.5% of fish waste oil caused larger disequilibrium in the serum biochemical profile of laying hens.(AU)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os níveis crescentes de óleo de resíduo de pescado em dietas para poedeiras leves sobre o perfil bioquímico sérico. Foram utilizadas poedeiras Hisex White com 29 semanas, com água e ração ad libitum. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, consistindo de oito tratamentos correspondentes aos níveis de inclusão de óleo de resíduo de pescado (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0 e 3,5%) nas dietas, com quatro repetições de seis aves cada. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à regressão polinomial a 5% de significância. Diferenças significativas (P<0,05) foram observadas nas concentrações de triglicerídeos, glicose, colesterol total e ácido úrico. Esses parâmetros apresentaram uma diminuição quando as aves se alimentaram com rações contendo maior nível de óleo do resíduo de pescado. Os resultados do presente estudo indicaram que a inclusão de óleo do resíduo de pescado acarretou um efeito significativo no perfil bioquímico sérico de poedeiras, principalmente nas concentrações de glicose, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e ácido úrico. O nível de inclusão de 3,5% do óleo do resíduo de pescado acarretou maior desequilíbrio no perfil bioquímico sérico das poedeiras.(AU)

Audiological Findings in Patients with OculoAuriculo-Vertebral Spectrum

Introduction Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum, also referred to as Goldenhar syndrome, is a condition characterized by alterations involving the development of the structures of the first and second branchial arches. The abnormalities primarily affect the face, the eyes, the spine, and the ears, and the auricular abnormalities are associated with possible hearing loss. Objective To analyze the audiological findings of patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum through liminal pure-tone audiometry and speech audiometry test. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted on 10 patients with oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum and clinical findings on at least two of the following areas: orocraniofacial, ocular, auricular, and vertebral. All patients underwent tonal and vocal hearing evaluations. Results Seven patients were male and three were female; all had ear abnormalities, and the right side was the most often affected. Conductive hearing loss was the most common (found in 10 ears), followed by sensorineural hearing loss (in five ears), with mixed hearing loss in only one ear. The impairment of the hearing loss ranged frommild to moderate, with one case of profound loss. Conclusions The results show a higher frequency of conductive hearing loss among individuals with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum phenotype, especially moderate loss affecting the right side. Furthermore, research in auditory thresholds in the oculoauriculo- vertebral spectrum is important in speech therapy findings about the disease to facilitate early intervention for possible alterations. .

Prevention of liver steatosis through fish oil supplementation: correlation of oxidative stress with insulin resistance and liver fatty acid content / Prevención de la esteatosis hepática mediante suplementación con aceite de pescado: correlación de los niveles hepáticos de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados con el estrés oxidativo y la resistencia a la insulina

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is triggered by a nutritional-metabolic alteration characterized by triacylglicerides acumulation, insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress and depletion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). The n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids, would be hepatoprotective against the development of NAFLD by stimulating lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis. So, fish oil supplementation (EPA + DHA) prevents HFDinduced NAFLD. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between liver oxidative stress with IR and levels of PUFA in supplemented mice. Male mice C57BL/6J (n=9) were fed for 12th week: a) control diet (20% protein, 70% carbohydrate, 10% lipids), b) control diet and fish oil supplementation (200 mg EPA+DHA/kg/day), c) high fat diet (20% protein, 20% carbohydrate, 60% lipids), and d) high fat diet and fish oil supplementation. Liver steatosis (histology), insulin resistance (HOMA), liver oxidative stress (GSH/GSSG, carbonyl protein and 8-isoprostanes) and liver fatty acid content were evaluated. The significant decrease in liver oxidative stress parameters (p<0.05, ANOVA followed by Newman Keuls test) were correlated (Pearson test) with HOMA and levels of PUFA, along with the hepatoprotection observed. It concludes that prevention of NAFLD by supplementation with fish oil (EPA+DHA) is dependent of the prevention of liver oxidative stress, IR and PUFA depletion.

La enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólica (EHGNA) está provocada por una alteración metabólico- nutricional caracterizada por la acumulación de triacilglicéridos, resistencia a la insulina, estrés oxidativo y disminución de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI). Los AGPI ω-3, como los ácidos eicosapentaenoico (EPA) y docosahexaenoico (DHA), serían hepatoprotectores contra la EHGNA al estimular la lipolisis e inhibir la lipogénesis hepática. La suplementación con aceite de pescado (EPA + DHA) previene la esteatosis hepática inducida por una dieta alta en grasas. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la correlación entre el estrés oxidativo hepático, la resistencia a la insulina y los niveles de AGPI ω-3 en ratones suplementados. Ratones machos C57BL/6J (n=9) alimentados durante 12 semanas con: a) dieta control (20% proteína, 70% hidratos de carbono, 10% lípidos), b) dieta control y suplementación con 200 mg de EPA+DHA/kg/día, c) dieta alta en grasa (20% proteína, 20% hidratos de carbono, 60% lípidos), y d) dieta alta en grasas más EPA+DHA. Se evaluaron la esteatosis hepática (histología), resistencia a la insulina (HOMA), estrés oxidativo hepático (GSH/GSSG, proteínas carboniladas y 8-isoprostanos) y el contenido de ácidos grasos hepáticos. La disminución significativa en los parámetros hepáticos de estrés oxidativo (p <0,05, ANOVA seguido de Newman-Keuls) se correlacionó positivamente (test de Pearson) con el HOMA y los niveles de AGPI ω-3, junto con la hepatoprotección observada. Se concluye que la prevención de EHGNA por suplementación con EPA+DHA, se acompaña de una correlación inversa entre el estrés oxidativo y la resistencia a la insulina y la disminución de AGPI ω-3 hepáticos.

Consumo de óleo de peixe na resposta inflamatória em ratos submetidos a esplenectomia total isolada ou combinada com autoimplante esplênico e à indução de sepse abdominal / Consumption of fish oil on inflammatory response in rats submitted to total splenectomy or combined with autoimplantation spleen and induction of abdominal sepsis

Em órgãos potencialmente importantes na resposta imune, como o baço, alternativas como o autoimplante de segmentos esplênicos, quando a esplenectomia total torna-se necessária, e a utilização de nutrientes com funcionalidade imunomoduladora vêm sendo estudadas, objetivando minimizar o efeito pró-inflamatório persistente da sepse abdominal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do consumo de óleo de peixe na modulação da resposta inflamatória em animais submetidos a esplenectomia total isolada ou combinada com autoimplante esplênico e à indução de sepse abdominal, verificando a possível otimização na resposta pró-inflamatória e a regeneração funcional do autoimplante. Utilizamos 64 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar, com peso variando entre 140-200 g, aleatoriamente distribuídos em oito grupos: quatro grupos-controle (100% óleo de soja) e quatro grupos-intervenção (35% de óleo de peixe), cada um com oito animais. Os dos grupos-controle (animais alimentados com ração purificada, segundo AIN-93, com conteúdo lipídico constituído por 100% óleo de soja) foram: I – sem intervenção cirúrgica e, 16 semanas após, submetidos à indução de sepse abdominal; II – esplenectomia total isolada e, 16 semanas após, submetidos à indução de sepse abdominal; III – esplenectomia total combinada com autoimplante esplênico e, 16 semanas após, submetidos à indução de sepse abdominal; e IV – esplenectomia total combinada com autoimplante esplênico e, oito semanas após, submetidos à indução de sepse abdominal. Os dos grupos-intervenção (V a VIII) foram submetidos a procedimentos similares aos executados nos grupos I a IV, respectivamente, sendo a única modificação fundamentada na substituição de 35% do conteúdo lipídico da alimentação dos animais por óleo de peixe. Todos os animais foram submetidos a sepse induzida por ligadura e perfuração cecal (CLP). Coletamos amostras sanguíneas de todos os animais antes da indução da sepse (período 1) e 2 e 4 horas (períodos 2 e 3...

In organs potentially important in the immune response, like the spleen, alternatives such as autotransplantation of splenic segments, when the total splenectomy becomes necessary, and the use of nutrients with immunomodulatory function have been studied, trying to minimize the effect of pro-inflammatory persistent abdominal sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of fish oil in modulating the inflammatory response in animals submitted to total splenectomy alone or combined with spleen autotransplantation and the induction of sepsis, verifying the possible optimization in the proinflammatory response and the functional regeneration of the autotransplant. We used 64 male Wistar rats, weighing between 140-200 g, were randomly distributed into eight groups: four control-groups (100% soybean oil) and four intervention-groups (35% fish oil), each one with ten animals. The rats in control groups (animals fed with purified according to the AIN-93 with lipid content consisting of 100% soybean oil) : I – without surgical intervention, and 16 weeks after, submitted to the induction of abdominal sepsis II – total spleenectomy alone, and 16 weeks after, submitted to the induction of abdominal sepsis; III – total splenectomy combined with spleen autotransplantation, and 16 weeks after, submitted to the induction of abdominal sepsis; and IV – total splenectomy combined with spleen autotransplantation, and 8 weeks after, submitted to the induction of abdominal sepsis. The rats in intervention groups (V to VIII) were subjected to similar procedures performed in groups I to IV, respectively, being the only modification based on the substitution of 35% of the lipid content of animal feed for fish oil. All animals were subjected to sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). We collected blood samples from all animals before the induction of sepsis (period 1) and 2 and 4 hours (periods 2 and 3) after the induction of abdominal...

Cápsulas de óleo de peixe: percepção da dosagem e finalidade de consumo / Capsules of fish oil: the perception of strength and purpose of consumption

O objetivo desse estudo foi conhecer o perfil do consumidor de cápsulas de óleo de peixe compradas em farmácias de manipulação, localizadas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro tendo como referencial a finalidade de consumo. O projeto foi desenvolvido no município do Rio de Janeiro e município de Duque de Caxias que apresentaram maior número de farmácias de manipulação regularizadas no Conselho Regional de Farmácia do Rio de Janeiro (CRF-RJ). Como estratégia para obtenção de informações sobre o consumo, utilizou-se o banco de dados Pharma, programa de gerenciamento de farmácias de manipulação, e entrevistas realizadas com os consumidores. A população pesquisada foi majoritariamente feminina, na faixa etária de 15 a 24 anos, solteiras e cursando nível superior. Em relação aos objetivos de consumo de cápsulas de óleo de peixe na amostra pesquisada, verificou-se que a maioria dos consumidores (41,32%) utilizou o produto visando a diminuição dos níveis de colesterol e 32,6% desta população a obtenção de ação antioxidante com fins estéticos. Concluiu-se que o consumidor não possui conhecimento a respeito das dosagens adequadas farmacologicamente a finalidade de consumo desse produto. Somente 3,94% da população estudada conhecia a dosagem adequada para alcançar os respectivos objetivos terapêuticos. Pode-se observar que a maioria dos consumidores de cápsulas de óleo de peixe da amostra pesquisada utilizou o produto baseando-se em informações de amigos, internet, revistas e televisão. Dos sujeitos da pesquisa do sexo masculino, somente 6,06% consultou um médico enquanto que esta frequência foi de 16,66% na população do sexo feminino. Este estudo visou ainda fornecer subsídios para a formulação de propostas de controle para a utilização de alimentos funcionais e fundamentar parâmetros que garantam a proteção à saúde da população pelos órgãos competentes, através da venda segura de suplementos alimentares no Brasil.

The aim of this study was to identify consumer capsules of fish oil purchased in pharmacies, located in Rio de Janeiro referencing the purpose of consumption. The project was developed in Rio de Janeiro and Duque de Caxias with the highest number of pharmacies in regularized by the Regional PharmacyConcil (CRF-RJ). We used information from the database Pharma is a management program for pharmacies, and interviews with consumers. The research population was predominantly female, aged 15 to 24, unmarried and studying in higher education. For the purposes of consumption in the sample surveyed, it was found that most consumers (41.32%) used the capsules of fish oil in order to reduce the levels of cholesterol and 32.6% of this population had the goal of consumption to obtain an antioxidant for cosmetic purposes. One of the possible conclusions is the ignorance of consumers regarding appropriate dosages pharmacologically the goal of consumption of this product. Only 3.94% of the women knew the correct dosage to achieve their therapeutic goals, while 96.06% did not know the proper dosage. This study found that most consumers of capsules of fish oil from our sample used the product based on information from friends, internet, magazines and television. Among men surveyed, only 6.06% consulted a doctor while this rate was 16.66% for female audience. This result represents a risk to the health of consumers by undermining the goals of consumption when the dosage of functional food is not eaten as recommended pharmacological. This study also aimed to provide information for formulating proposals for the control and use of functional foods and establish parameters that ensure the protection of health of the population by the competent bodies, through the sale of dietary supplements safe in Brazil.

Fish oil ingestion reduces the number of aberrant crypt foci and adenoma in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in rats

We determined the effect of fish oil (FO) ingestion on colonic carcinogenesis in rats. Male Wistar rats received 4 subcutaneous injections (40 mg/kg body weight each) of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at 3-day intervals and were fed a diet containing 18 percent by weight FO (N = 10) or soybean oil (SO, N = 10) for 36 weeks. At sacrifice, the colon was removed, aberrant crypt foci were counted and the fatty acid profile was determined. Intestinal tumors were removed and classified as adenoma or carcinoma. Liver and feces were collected and analyzed for fatty acid profile. FO reduced the mean (± SEM) number of aberrant crypt foci compared to SO (113.55 ± 6.97 vs 214.60 ± 18.61; P < 0.05) and the incidence of adenoma (FO: 20 percent vs SO: 100 percent), but carcinoma occurred equally in FO and SO rats (2 animals per group). The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profile of the colon was affected by diet (P < 0.05): total ù-3 (FO: 8.18 ± 0.97 vs SO: 1.71 ± 0.54 percent) and total ù-6 (FO: 3.83 ± 0.59 vs SO: 10.43 ± 1.28 percent). The same occurred in the liver (P < 0.05): total ù-3 (FO: 34.41 ± 2.6 vs SO: 6.46 ± 0.59 percent) and total ù-6 (FO: 8.73 ± 1.37 vs SO: 42.12 ± 2.33 percent). The PUFA profile of the feces and liver polyamine levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings indicate that chronic FO ingestion protected against the DMH-induced preneoplastic colon lesions and adenoma development, but not against carcinoma in rats.

Regulation of omega-3 fish oil emulsion on the SIRS during the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of parenteral supplementation with omega-3 fish oil emulsion (Omegaven) on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) during the initial stage of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). In a prospective, randomized and controlled trial, 60 patients with SAP were randomized either to treat with conventional therapy (Con group, n=30) or conventional therapy plus intravenous supplementation with omega-3 fish oil emulsion 0.2 g/kg every day (FO group, n=30). The effects were analyzed by the SIRS-related indexes. The results showed that APACHE-II scores in FO group were significantly lower, and the gap increased much farther after the 4th day than those in Con group (P<0.05). Fluid equilibrium time became shorter markedly in FO group than in Con group (5.1+/-2.2 days vs 8.4+/-2.3 days). In FO group, SIRS scores were markedly decreased and the SIRS state vanished after the 4th day; Plasma level of TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while IL-10 decreased markedly, most prominently between the 4th and 7th day, and the ratio of IL-10/TNF-alpha raised as compared with Con group (P<0.05). During the initial stage of SAP, parenteral supplementation with omega-3 fish oil emulsion could efficiently lower the magnitude and persistence time of the SIRS, markedly retrieve the unbalance of the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, improve severe condition of illness and may provide a new way to regulate the SIRS.

Dietary fish oil as hepatoprotective agent in Mus musculus.

The administration of galactosamine in omega-3 polyunsatu-rated fatty acid (PUFA) supplemented mice resulted in lesser amount of damage in the liver tissue compared to the mice without prior supplementation of fish oil. Only 50% elevation in the plasma total bilirubin was detected in omega-3 supplemented mice injected with galactosamine over those supplemented with omega-3 without galactosomine injection. The results suggest that very long chain omega-3 PUFA like eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid may act as preventive agent for hepatic cirrhosis in Mus musculus.

Análisis proximal, perfil de ácidos grasos, aminoácidos esenciales y contenido de minerales en doce especies de pescado de importancia comercial en Venezuela / Proximal analysis, fatty acids profile, essential aminoacids and mineral content of twelve fish species of commercial importance of Venezuela

Doce especies de pescado (armadillo, bocachico, cachama, carpeta, corvina, lisa, mero, merluza, pargo, robalo, tilapia y trucha) fueron estudiadas para determinar su composición proximal, perfil de ácidos grasos, aminóacidos esenciales y minerales. El análisis proximal: humedad proteínas y cenizas se realizó siguiendo la metodología recomendada por la AOAC, grasa por el método de Bligh y Dyer, ácidos grasos por Cromatografía de Gases, aminóacidos por cromatografía Líquida de Alta Resolución y minerales por fotocolorimetría. Los resultados indicaron que el contenido de humedad varió entre 70,49 por ciento para el armadillo y 78,64 por ciento para el mero, la proteína entre 18,70 por ciento para la merluza y 25,53 por ciento para el armadillo y las cenizas entre 0,94 por ciento para el mero y 2,13 por ciento para la carpeta. La grasa varió entre 1,12 por ciento para el pargo y 6,15 por ciento para la cachama. Se encontró el predominio de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados de la serie -3. En todas las especies se observó la presencia de los aminóacidos esenciales estudiados. Las especies tilapia (10,938 g/100g de pescado), bocachico (9,231 g/100 g de pescado) y mero (8,738 g/100 g de pescado) presentaron el mayor contenido de aminóacidos esenciales. El mineral que se encontró en mayor proporción fue el fósforo con 322,22 mg/100 g de pescado para la merluza, seguido por el calcio con 79,33 mg/100 g de pescado para la carpeta. Se concluyó que las especies de pescado estudiadas son una fuente importante de proteínas, ácidos grasos de la serie omega 3 y minerales

Alteraçöes metabólicas e funcionais em células e órgäos do sistema imunológico de ratos induzidas pela administraçäo intragástrica do óleo de peixe / Metabolic and functional changes in cells and organs of immune system of rats due to the fish oil administrated by gavage

O consumo de cápsulas de óleo de peixe (OP) por humanos visa a atenuaçäo dos sintomas e prevençäo de várias patologias. As alteraçöes metabólicas e funcionais em células e órgäos do sistema imunológico causadas pelo OP pela administraçäo intragástrica (AIG) foram avaliadas. Ratos recém-desmamados (50-70 g) foram submetidos a AIG diária com óleo de peixe, óleo de soja ou manteiga de cacau (0,4 por cento do peso), por 28 dias. Os dados da AIG do OP foram também comparados com os da dieta enriquecida com OP. Foram avaliados: aumento de permeabilidade vascular (reaçäo anafilática), funcionalidade de macrófagos (produçäo de 'H IND. 2O IND. 2', 'O IND. 2' e fagocitose), proliferaçäo de linfócitos, a atividade máxima das enzimas: hexoquinase, glicose-6-fosfato desidrogenase, citrato sintase (metabolismo de glicose), catalase, glutationa peroxidase e superóxido dismutase (antioxidantes) no baço, linfonodo mesentérico e timo. A concentraçäo de TBARs nos mesmos órgäos e no plasma e a capacidade antioxidante do plasma foram também determinadas

Dietary lipids modulation of performance and immune response in Nile catfish [clarias lazera] under variable temperature in Egypt

Nile catfish [Clarias Lazera] were fed diets containing different lipid sources for 12 weeks to examine their modulatory effect on performance and macrophage activity at 25 and 32C. The diets contained 7% lipid from either fish oil [highly unsaturated fatty acid, supply n-3], linseed oil [polyunsaturated fatty acid, supply n-3] corn oil [polyunsaturated fatty acid, supply n-6], beef tallow [saturated fatty acids] or an equal mixture of the 4 lipid sources. Fish fed on beef tallow and fish oil achieved the best growth and feed efficiency. Final body length, body condition and fillets analysis were not affected by lipid sources. Fatty acids composition of pronephros were closely correlated to the fatty acid composition of the dietary lipids fed to Nile catfish. At both temperature trials macrophage ability to engulf Pseudomonas was positively correlated with the level of n-3 fatty acids in the diet from either animal or plant origin [fish oil and linseed oil, respectively]. Overall results were suggested that the use of a mixture of beef tallow and linseed oil in the diet of Nile catfish achieved beneficial growth and maximal immune response, however, further research is warranted in this area to determine the proper proportion

Dietary fish oil affects food intake, growth and hematologic values of weanling rats / El aceite de pescado afecta el consumo de alimento, el crecimiento y los valores hematológicos de las ratas recién destetadas

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing amounts of dietary fish oil on growth and hematological variables of the weanling male Sprague-Dewley rat. Animals were fed diets containing either fish oil (FO) or sesame oil (SO) at 5,10 or 15 por ciento (w/w) for 31d. Growth retardation and reduced food intake was noted groups fed FO. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration diminished when the dietary FO was above 5 por ciento (w/w). Fo is a poor source of (n-6) fatty acids. We postulate that a partial deficiency in (n-6) polyenic family, is a consequence of the increasing amounts of FO in the diets, that may affects growth and erytropoiesis. In this report we show evidence supporting the hypothesis that diets enriched with fiish oil can alter normal growth and induced hematological changes in the male weanling rat. Key words: Fish oil, low (n-6) (n-3) ratio, growth, erytropoiesis, male Sprague-Dewley rats

Respuesta de los ácidos grasos omega 3 y omega 6 del cerebro y eritrocitos de la progenie a la suplementación de la dieta de la nodriza con dos concentraciones de aceite de pescado / Response of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty oils of pups brains and erythrocytes to mother diet supplementation with 2 fish oil concentrations

Se evaluó el efecto de suplementar la dieta de la nodriza, con dos concentraciones de aceite de pescado, en el contenido de los ácidos grasos omega 3 y omega 6 altamente polisaturados (ò20C), de los lípidos de la leche y de los fosfolípidos del cerebro y glóbulos rojos de la progenie. Ratas preñadas cepa Wistar, se dividieron en tres grupos. Cada grupo fue alimentado, desde un día antes y durante 18 días post parto, con una de tres dietas. La dieta control contenía aceite de soya 10g/100g dieta, las dietas experimentales se prepararon reemplazando 0,2 o 0,6 gramos de aceite vegetal por aceite de pescado. El contenido de los ácidos grasos omega 3 (20:5n-3; EPA y 22:6n-3; DHA) y omega 6 (20:4n-6; AA), en la leche a los 18 días post parto, estuvo determinado por la magnitud de la suplementación. El más alto contenido de DHA y EPA y el menor contenido de AA, en glóbulos rojos, se observó en las crías de madres que consumieron la dieta con 0,2 por ciento de aceite de pescado. La concentración máxima de DHA y AA en el cerebro de la progenie, se logró con la leche de las nodrizas que consumieron la dieta 0,6 por ciento de aceite de pescado, la que aumentó la concentración del DHA y del AA en la leche a 1,44 por ciento y 1,15 por ciento de los ácidos grasos totales, respectivamente

Metabolism of very low density lipoproteins--effect of sardine oil.

The effect of feeding fish oil on the metabolism of lipoproteins was studied in rats. Rats were fed diet containing 10% sardine or groundnut oil for 6 weeks. There was a significant decrease in the total cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides as well as the amount of the lipids associated with VLDL and LDL in serum in fish oil-fed rats. The synthesis and secretion of lipoproteins particularly apoB containing lipoproteins by primary cultures of hepatocytes from these rats were studied by 14(C)-acetate or 3(H)-leucine labelling. Primary cultures of hepatocytes derived from sardine oil-fed rats showed reduced incorporation of 3(H)-leucine into apoB containing lipoproteins secreted into the medium when compared to those fed groundnut oil, indicating a decreased synthesis and secretion of apoB. This was further confirmed by significantly lower incorporation of 14(C)-radioactivity into total and individual lipids of VLDL secreted into the medium, as well as that associated with different lipids in cell layer. The activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue and aorta was significantly higher in rats fed sardine oil which may cause an increased clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from circulation. These results indicate that the fish oil exerts hypolipidemic effect particularly by decreasing the synthesis and secretion of VLDL by liver and possibly by an increased clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from circulation.